Furnace construction



A. G. SMHI- I AND B. E. BROAUWELL. FURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR, 19. 1919.

mm Aug. 31, 192%.

LQSLZBGEEU 7SHEElS-SHEE] 1.

A. G. SMITH AND B. E. BROADWELL.

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1919.

1, 35 1 305. P t n ed Aug. 31, 1920.

YSHEEIS-SHEE] 2.

l I x l A. G. SMITH AND B, Ev BROADWELL FURNACE CONSTRUCTION- APPLICATION man MAR. 19, 1919.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920 7 SH EFIS-SHEEI 4.

A. 6. SMITH AND B. E. BROADWELL.

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, me.

1,351 35. Patented Aug. 31,1920.

7 SHEEIS-SHEE] 5.

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION. t APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1919. I ,32 Patsnted Aug. 31,1920.

7 SHEETS-SHEE'I 6.

A'. GLSMHH AND B. E. BROADWELL.

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

APPUCATION FILED MAR-19.19I9.

1,35 1 5 Patented Au 31,1920,

7 SHEEIS-SHEEJ I.

STATES) AT M wacs yf ALBERT G". SMITH Ann ,BAR LEY ELv BRoAnwELn irrAeARA FALLS,'. roan. V

FURNACE coNs'TR cTIon.

Application filed March s, 1919; Serial no. 283,469. r

To all whom it may concern? Be it known that we, ALBERT G. SMITH and BARTLEY E.-BROADWELL, citizens of the United States, residing at Niagara. Falls, in

' the county of Niagara and State of New 'York,-have invented certain new and useful Improvements inv Furnace Construction;

and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification. 7 I This invention relates to what s known as ringtype furnaces, which consist of a series of baking chambers so arranged that in the heating of one of the chambers the hot waste gases willwarm'up the chambers in advance and at the same time-the chambers on the other side of the chamber being heated will warm up, in their cooling, the i air which is to be burnedin thechamber now under fire, thuspermitting a constant or ring action: of the furnace as a whole, all the chambers of'the furnace being suc cessively heated in turn.

Theobjects of the present invention are to improve the detailsof the furnace heads, that is, the wallswhich separate the various sets of units from eachother, these sets each consisting of a plurallty of alternate fines f and pits; to provide means'for directing heated air and fueljgas' into contact at a,

point conveniently reached from the surface, and to provide a suitable damper and damper slot to close such air passage; and

' to eliminate the stress on the head walls by expansion of the masonry of the flues'by providing a dead air space between the walls of the heads and ofthe'fiuesi Other objects of this invention-are toim prove generally furnaces ofthis type and to alter the construction of details 'ofthe sa inein order to 'increasethe' ease of operation? -In the drawings -m 1 Figure 1 is a plan r 1 through one of the pits in which the articles to be heated or baked are placed.

r Fig; 3' is a sectional elevation on 'the 'line 3'-3 of Fig. 1, showing-1a verticaljsection through the center of oneiof the flues.

View of a portion ofa, V ringty'pefurnace embodying the features."

of my invention. i 1 Fig. 2 is a sectional elevationon the'line" 22 of Fig. 1, showingia' vertical section line of F ig.-8, showing particularly passageways under the ga's flues and pits.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional viewon.

line 5+5 ,of Fig. 3, showing 'particularly thech'ambers into which the gas flues dlvidedh Fig.- 6 is 'a vertical ec'tion taken on' line 6- 6 of Fig. 1, showing the vertical ducts in the head walls which separate the. several section of one of the flues." 1

Fig. 7 isa section on line 77 of Fig. 1'

showing the ducts in the: head walls.

Referring now to Fig; 1 of the drawings,

type furnacev embodying any invention, 7 represents'the central fuel gas main which extends the entire length of the furnace, be-

ing provided with a number of ports 8, 8, from anyone of which fuel gas may be led into the inlet ports 9, 9,0f the gas lines of therespective set corresponding. to such port 8 by means of a removable pipe 10 having connections 11'with each of the gas in'letxports 9 of such aset of parallel flues such connections, 11 each being provided with 'a' manually; controlled .-valve 12ffor regulating the supplyof gas into the indif it vldual flues. The pipe 10'is intended for use with each, of .thedifferentsets of fines andis supported as best shown in Fig 6 by: means of the yoke 13' and chains 14L from a trackwayfnot shown) extending. around A V v The ports 8 when not in. usefor supplying fuel gas to"- the furnace abovelthe' pits.

the lines areclosed by covers 15, and the inlet ports of all of the remaining gas flues" 9 are likewise closed by covers 67 when firing of't'hat set is completed. V

Arranged transversely on 'either side of 70 wherein isjshown a typical section of a ring the gas mainland at right angles thereto f are head walls16' extending from-the-gas I main to the waste main 17, these heads serv ingto separate the pits-and flues into sets,

{each set consistingof'five pits and-six 'fiues V alternately ariangedparal-lel to thegasandv waste mains. The head 'walls16 are-provided witha vertical duct 18 for each gpit, each .duct ending .in a chimney 19 extending above the level of'the topof the pit 2O, an d'.

such ducts are connected at their upper section about on the same level as the fuel gas main, -that'is,"just'bel0w. the top of the pits 20 by aftransverse. horizontal passageway 21 opening into each duct and extending on either side-of the end ductsas far as the sets of gas fiu'esand pits,-and also the cross side gas flues 23 and 24. The upper wall of the head is perforated centrally of each of gas lines 22 forming a vent 25 in line with an orifice 26 in the endwall of the gas flue,

thus permitting gases to pass from the ver upwardly from the floor 31 so as to be somewhat higher than the bottom of the baffle 28, this construction being best shown in Fig. 3. Observation holes 32, and 34 are provided in the roof 29 of each gas fine in the longitudinal center line thereof, the forward observation hole 34 being located at the extreme front, closely adjacent the front wall of the flue, which wall does not join the head 16, but is spaced therefrom so as to provide a dead air space 37 which serves as an expansion joint and prevents displacement of the head by the expansion of the gas flue when heated. A similar expansion joint 38 is provided between the rear wall 39 and the adjacent head wall 16. The rear observation hole 32 is arranged as close as possible to thegas inlet 9, in order to see more clearly the combustion flame, and the middle observation hole is arranged centrally of the middle chamber 27, making the distance between the observation holes and the same as the space between the observation hole 32 of one gas fine and the observation hole34 of the next gas flue.

Under each pit 20 are located a pair oflongitudinal channels 40 separated by a partition 41 and extending the entire length of the pit and communicating at their forward end with the adjacent vertical duct 18 in the head wall 16. Each of these channels 40 communicates with the flue onthe nearest.

tending completely under" the adjacent gas line 22 and communicating with the chamber 27 immediately above the same, that is, each of the ports 42 opens vertically upward into the rear chamber 27 immediately belowthe gas inlet Qfand each of the ports 43 communicates with the forward chamber 27, the

front port '43 being directly under observation hole 34. y The. pits, it will be noted, are open at the 'top as the term denotes, and are closed on the side by the walls 50 of the gas fines which, as will be seen from Fig. 6, do not rise flush with their bases 51, but-form a ledge 52, which, with the partition 41, forms u L paper of the one. to be eliminated, an l tl ends of the pit are closed byf'the head walls 7 16, which are at this placepractically hollow chimney structures sincethe'" "ducts 18 are nearly as wide as the pits. Thesewalls 16, however, extend as solid masonry from. the wall, one flue to the wall of thenext, except for the upper portion where they are pierced by the transverse passage 21 and its connnunicatingshort vents 2 The tops of the gas fines are capped by blocks 56 extending from .one wall ISOto the other and forming the roof or crown 9 9 of the gas fine, the upper surface of which is about afoot or more below the ground level in my preferred construction, the observation holes, gas inlets, and chimneys all ings as shown, so that, the entire roof struc: ture may be covered with sand or other heat insulator, when it is so desired..

A slot 57 is provided between thehead wall 16 and the rear wall 39 in which slot is placed a damper 58 to close tl'ieexitformed by the vent25 and orifice 26. T his damper can be handled directly from the surface by moving. back the tile 59 which "being raised to such level by shafts or cas-. I

rests on the top of thelhead wall 16 and acts as a seal over the slot 57, whether the damper 58 .is in the slot'or not. The damper may be of refractory material, sheet-metal, paper or fabric, providedthat such paper or fabric possesses a compactness sut 'cient to yield a low enough porosityto prevent the leakage of any appreciable amount of gas or air through it. In case paper used, it is tackedon a frame and dropped into'the slot, and when it is desired to open another pit, and, therefore, move the damper farther along the furnace, it"is simply necessary to knock a hole in e direction of the flow ofjhotgases is changed 'and will in ashort duration of time bu 11 out the remainder of the paper. v V

The waste gases, when deprived of the greater part of their ieat by passing through five or more sets of units (eaclrset consisting of eleven parallel units, as heretofore described) is passed out. the chimneys 19 to waste main l7,'by means of a removablepipe 6O swung from an overhead track (not shown) by means ofrhains 61., A main connection 62 fits over the port 63 of-the main 17 and other small'er connections 64, each providedwith a manually controlled damper' 65, fit, over the chimneys 19, the covers 66 of which a *e removed for such purpose. .It has'been found unnece'ssary to connect all the chimneys ith the wastegas main and I find it sufiicient. to only so connect each alternate chimney of theset; 1-

I will now'describe theoperation of my 1 improvedfurnace in its preferred construc tion, consisting of twenty-eight sets of eleven units. each, arranged compactly with a battery of fourteen suchsetson elther side of the centrally disposed fuel gas main, the

two waste gas mains lying on the outside of the batteries andbeing' connectedin the usual way to astaclr or exhaust'not shown;

but of the usual construction. The end units of eachbattery are connected to the adjacent unit 'of the battery opposite by flues and passageways as nearly like the connections between adjacent units as possible so that, numbering the sets in order in the sequence denoting the passage 'ofgas' from a lower to higher numbered set, the

hot or cold gases would-pass from'NoQ28- emptied is removed and air is either drawn or forced through the ducts 18 and passes through vent 25 and orifice 26 through'the next gas flue 22' (Set No. 7) passing partly.

downward through the ports 42 into the longitudinal channels and partly through the three chambers 27 and thence into the channels 40 through the forwardports 43 and thence upwardly through the next ducts 18 (No. 8), and so on, through the successive units to be cooled, finally arriving at the head war-11 16 at the rear of the set being fired (No. 12), and the now heated air passes up ducts 18 and out orifice 26 in close contact with the gas being admitted through inlet port 9 of the flue being heated (Set No. 12) forming a long flame which extends downwardly through rear chamber 27, thence upwardly through middle chamber. 27 and finally downwardly again in the forward chamber 27, thence passing through the horizontal ports 42 to the duct 18 in the 'next'head wall 16, separating the set of pits and flues under fire (No; 12) from the next successive set of pits and flues (No. 18), serving to heat the same preparatory to their being fired. The course of the heated gases is similar to that heretofore described in connection with the cold air, the single difference being that the waste gases when deprived of their heat at theset (N o. 17) of flues next behind the'pits being loaded (No. 18) are allowed to pass to the waste gas main 17 by means'previously described, the dampers 58 having been placed in the slots 57 of the head wall between sets Nos. 17 and Y 18 to isolate sets 18 to 20 for loading and unis also under fire so that Nos. 2l' to are I cooling,"and theda mpers infthe head Wall;

between Nos. 3 and/1 arein place maths waste gas pipe 60 'is connecting-the chimneys of that wall with themain' 17 The tops'of the pits'are closed, in any de-* other heat non-conductor which serves the,

dual purpose of retaining the heat and pre-.

venting oxidation of the electrodes by contact with air. 7 \Vhile I have described my'invention in connection with a rectangularly'arranged carbon baking furnace I wish it distinctly understood that the terms herein used are intended to cover annual furnaces, and kilns for other material than carbon.

Claims for the flue structure illustrated herein are included in the application of Bartley E.'Broadwell, Serial No. 283,470, filed concurrently herewith and bearing similar title.

.- What is claimed is:

1. In a ring furnace, a gas flue,-a hollow head wall at either end thereof, and having an orifice at its upper end discharging into the flue, a fuel gas inlet in the upper wall of the flue in proximityto said orifice, means for closing said orifice and an observation hole in said flue'adj acent to said inlet 2. In a ring furnace, a gas flue, a hollow head wall at either end thereof and having an orifice at its upper end discharging into for closing said orifice, baffles dividing the flueinto a plurality of compartments,' and an observation hole in each of two or'mor of said compartments.

3. In a ring furnace, a gas flue, a hollow head wall at either end thereof and having an orifice at its upper end discharginginto the flue, afuel gas inlet in the upper'wall of the flue in proximity to saidorifice, means v the flue,a fuel gas inlet in the upper wall of i I the flue in proximity to said orifice,omeans I 'for closing said orifice, and a pluralityof furnace heads, gas flues between said heads, 7

and expansion joints between each gas flue and its adjacent heads.

5. In a ringv furnace, a plurality of hollow,

furnace heads, gas flues between'said heads.

and having their end walls slightly spaced joint, and passageways connecting the heads, one of said passageways leading through the gas flue.

6. In a 7 having a plurality of vertical ducts therein,

7 a plurality of spaced parallel pits on either furnace, a transverse head wall side of said wall, gas flues on both sides of each pit, a as inlet in each gas flue in the each pit, channels under each pit opening top thereo adjacent the wall, channels into one of said ducts, a transverse horizonunder said ducts, a transverse horizontal tal passageway near the top of said wall, and passageway near the top of said wall, a vent 5 a vent discharging from said passageway discharging from said passageway into each 15 into each of said flues. of said flues, and an ob'servation'hole in each 7. In a furnace, a transverse head Wall flue in proximity to said inlet and said vent. having a plurality of vertical ducts therein, p a plurality of spaced parallel pits on either ALBERT SMITH. 10 side of saidv Wall, gas fiues on both sides of BARTLEY E. BR'OADWELL. 

